初三英语：语篇阅读中的学习策略

   　中考题型中的完型填空、阅读理解、回答问题、短文填空、综合阅读都与语篇阅读能力相关，因此，语篇阅读是中考试卷的重头戏，强调多学科知识的贯通，选材也更多样化、现代化和生活化。命题既注重语言知识技能，又侧重学生的学习策略、情感和态度等相关因素，这要求学生既要有一定的生活文化常识，也要有一定的人文素养。因此，注重学习策略，提高语篇阅读能力应是英语备考的重中之重。

　　如何把学习策略运用在语篇中呢，就让我们以下文为例：

　　A girl complained to her father about her hard life. She didn"t know what she had to do and wanted to 31. She felt tired for fighting and fighting. One problem had been finished but another came.

　　Her father, a cook, took her 32 the kitchen. He poured water into the pans (锅) and boiled it. When the water was boiling, in the first pan he put some carrots, in the 33 he put some eggs and in the last he put some coffee. He 34 them for a few minutes without any words.

　　The girl closed her mouth and waited impatiently, not knowing 35 her father was doing that. After about 20 minutes, her father turned 36 the stove, took out the carrots and put them in a bowl. He took out the eggs and put 37 in another bowl. After that the 38 was poured into a cup. Turning back to his daughter, he asked, "What do you 39?""Carrots, eggs and coffee," she answered.

　　Her father told her to 40 her eyes and let her touch the carrots. She did and felt that the carrots were soft. After that he asked her to take eggs and 41 them. Then, she got boiled and hard eggs. At last, the father asked her to smell the coffee. "What"s the meaning, Father?" He 42 that each one had had the same unlucky experience - the boiled water, but 43 had a different reaction (反应). The strong and hard carrots had become soft and weak after being in the boiling water. The eggs became hard 44 being cooked. The coffee was very special and it changed the water. "Who are you?" asked her father, "When calamity (厄运) 45 your door, what"s your reaction? Are you carrots, eggs or coffee?"

　　(B) 31. A. grow up B. give up C. set up D. pick up

　　(A) 32. A. into B. within C. out of D. away from

　　(B) 33. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth

　　(C) 34. A. looked for B. searched for C. waited for D. called for

　　(D) 35. A. that B. where C. where D. why

　　(C) 36. A. on B. over C. off D. in

　　(C) 37. A. it B. its C. them D. themselve

　　(C) 38. A. eggs B. carrots C. coffee D. water

　　(D) 39. A. hear B. taste C. smell D. see

　　(A) 40. A. close B. open C. wash D. drop

　　(C) 41. A. keep B. protect C. break D. drink

　　(B) 42. A. complained B. explained C. told D. expected

　　(C) 43. A. every B. all C. each D. either

　　(B) 44. A. before B. after C. behind D. under

　　(D) 45. A. lies in B. comes across C. meets with D. knocks at

　　策略一 抓住文章重点 启发思考

　　不论是什么样的英语文章，都有一个中心内容。只要找准中心内容，就可以把整篇文章理解得很好。可以从以下几个方面来找出文章的中心内容：1.题目。文章的题目往往是对整篇文章的归纳。所以要养成认真阅读题目的习惯；2.开头。文章的开头往往点明了作者写文章的意图、背景等。教师要培养学生通过文章开头来了解文章的脉络，掌握文章的主旨大意；3.结尾。整篇文章的结尾往往是这篇文章的结论或是作者的观点。本文的结尾部分是中心内容之所在父亲通过生活常识向女儿解析了一个重要的人生道理：我们在经历了困难和挣扎之后，应该成为能够改变自己命运的主人。一旦抓住重点，便可以明确父亲做这些事情的目的性，从而提高了31、42题的准确率。同时，还可抛出一个问题：What can you learn from the article?可以训练另一中考题型回答问题。

　　策略二 培养阅读习惯 重视思路方法

　　1.注重每段首尾句

　　第一段尾句：女儿在困难面前欲放弃；第二段首句：父亲将其带入厨房揭示人生道理；第二段尾句：父亲一言不发静静等待；第三段首句：女儿不明白父亲所作为何；第三段尾句：父亲问女儿看到了什么；第四段首句：蒙上女儿双眼，让她再次触摸。能够很好地分析首尾句的关系，32、35、40题便迎刃而解了。这种训练同时有助于提高中考另一题型排序题的准确率。

　　2.留意每句上下文

　　上下文的提示作用是不言而喻的，例如33题可从上文的the first及下文的the last得到正确答案,38题则可从下文中"carrots,eggs and coffee"中直接获取答案。

　　策略三 深化阅读教学 避免就题论题

　　如讲解31题时，除了give up及其用法外，还可将1600词中的相关短语，如give away,give in,give out等进行比较，归类；36题时，可提及turn on/off 的替换词语switch on/off，以及对其后名词，代词所处的位置进行总结归纳；37题除了要重点讲解them指代复数名词eggs外，还要强调动词及介词后接代词宾格的用法；43题的答案each则可与every进行对比讲解。总之，一篇文章中的某一个短语、某一句话或是某一个段落，可能在基础知识、句型结构、文化背景等方面具有重要价值，讲解过程中需要深化和拓展。

　　龚建华：沈阳七中初三英语组备课组长；曾获沈阳市牛津英语优质课一等奖，辽宁省优质课一等奖。